It is the author's belief that all cases are entitled to the benefit of the doubt and that an attempt at closed reduction should be made if disability is of less than four months' duration. If this fails, an open operation should be performed. In all cases of over four months' disability the patients are entitled to an open operation as a primary procedure except in selected cases.
The final word in the treatment of this deformity has not as yet been said. It seems certain that in the near future there will be advocated a method radically different from those generally accepted at present which will give a much higher percentage of good results and with less likelihood of trauma which leads to pathology and deformity in early or later adult life.