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IMMERSION FOOT
D. R. Webster; F. M. Woolhouse; J. L. Johnston
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HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA
1942 by The American Orthopaedic Association, Inc.
The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery.  1942; 24:785-794 
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Abstract

1. This report is based on the observation of 142 cases of immersion foot at Camp Hill Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

2. This condition may occur in those exposed for long periods in subtropical waters and thus cannot be classed as a true frostbite.

3. Sensory loss and hyperaemia appear first and are followed in about ten days by intense neuritic pains, and, in severe cases, by varying degrees of gangrene.

4. Dry refrigeration appears to be successful in reducing tissue loss to a minimum.

5. Return of sensation and complete motor control may be delayed for many weeks, and pain may recur on exposure to cold and wet.

6. First aid and hospitalization should be directed to avoidance of trauma, slow warming of affected limbs, strict asepsis, and adequate supportive treatment.

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    These activities have been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint sponsorship of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
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