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The Antiquity of Tarsal Coalition BILATERAL DEFORMITY IN A PRE-COLUMBIAN INDIAN SKELETON
KINGSBURY G. HEIPLE; C. OWEN LOVEJOY
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From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, and the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent
1969 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Incorporated
The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery.  1969; 51:979-983 
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Abstract

Bilateral talocalcaneal bridges, one complete and one incomplete, were found in a pre-Columbian Indian skeleton in Ohio dating from approximately 1000 A. D. Examination of the incomplete bridge suggested that these may have been syndesmoses

[See figure in the PDF file]

or synchondroses rather than diarthrodial joints which are found in some cases.

This case suggests that this is an ancient genetic anomaly of man.

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    These activities have been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint sponsorship of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
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