Twenty cases of calcaneal solitary bone cyst were evaluated. The typical lesion had a pathognomonic roentgenographic appearance. Eleven patients were treated by curetting and bone-grafting, and there were no recurrences. The cysts in patients followed non-operatively usually did not heal, but were asymptomatic and did not enlarge. A recommendation for non-operative management is made for most cases because the cysts are frequently painless and not likely to fracture.