Based on a study of eight patients with arthrodesis of the shoulder and on a review of the literature, it was concluded that the amount of abduction usually recommended is excessive for adults in whom internal fixation is used. The position should be determined with the arm at the side of the body with enough clinically determined abduction of the arm from the side of the body (15 to 20 degrees) to clear the axilla and enough forward flexion (25 to 30 degrees) and internal rotation (40 to 50 degrees) to bring the hand to the mid-line of the body, the face and head, the side and pants pockets, the back, the anal region, and the feet. When arthrodesed in this position the arm will rest comfortably at the side, and the scapula will not protrude. The arm will also be nearer the center of gravity of the body, the position where strength is maximum for lifting, pushing, and pulling. However, if there is paralysis of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and arm, the position should be adjusted according to the specific muscle weakness.