The normal vascular anatomy of the cruciate ligaments was investigated
in eight dogs by microangiography, histology, and tissue-clearing
(Spalteholz) techniques. The vessels were found to originate predominantly
from the soft tissues (infrapatellar fat pad and synovial membrane) of the
joint. The vascular response to partial surgical transection of the
anteromedial mid-portion of the anterior cruciate ligament was evaluated in
twelve dogs. This response, which was vigorous and extensive, appeared to
arise from the soft tissues. Resection of the infrapatellar fat pad and
synovial membrane at the time of injury tended to decrease this response.
Spontaneous healing of the defect had not occurred in either group by eight
weeks. Clinical Relevance: The predominant soft-tissue, as opposed to
osseous, origin of the blood supply to the cruciate ligaments may be an
important consideration in the repair of these structures. The preservation
and utilization of the infrapatellar fat pad and synovial envelope may
optimize the vascular response and healing of the ligament.