We studied the clinical features, radiographic and pathological findings, treatment, and results for twenty-three patients who had been managed for a soft-tissue sarcoma of the hand between 1982 and 1990. The ages of the patients ranged from sixteen to seventy-six years (median age, thirty-one years). The most common clinical finding was a small, painless soft-tissue mass. Twenty of the tumors were high-grade, and eighteen were less than five centimeters in diameter. The most common diagnosis was synovial sarcoma, which was identified in eight patients. Leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma developed in three patients each; epithelioid sarcoma, in two patients; and angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, neuroectodermal tumor, and clear-cell sarcoma, in one patient each. Curative wide excision or amputation was attempted in twenty-two patients; the margins were positive for tumor cells in eight, and local recurrence was seen in nine. Of the twenty-three patients, fourteen had survived, without evidence of disease, after a median duration of follow-up of forty-nine months, and nine had died of disease. The median rate of survival did not differ significantly on the basis of the size or grade of the tumor or the use of adjuvant treatment. However, the rate of survival of the patients who had a soft-tissue sarcoma of the hand that was less than five centimeters in diameter was significantly lower (p = 0.0008) than that of 152 patients who had a similar tumor at another site in an extremity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)