Extract
The evaluation and treatment of chronic ankle pain can be a challenge. A
detailed history helps one to evaluate any component resulting from prior
trauma or surgery. A careful physical examination should be performed to
assess the bones, joints, ligaments, and tendons of the area for tenderness,
range of motion, strength, and competence when stressed. Studies in addition
to routine radiographs include bone scans, computerized tomography, and
magnetic resonance imaging. There are many nonspecific treatment regimens;
however, an accurate diagnosis is the basis for a specific and effective
treatment regimen.