JBJS | Does Sex Matter in Musculoskeletal Health?: The Influence of Sex and Gender on Musculoskeletal Health*

The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, Volume 87, Issue 7

The Orthopaedic Forum | July 01, 2005

Does Sex Matter in Musculoskeletal Health?: The Influence of Sex and Gender on Musculoskeletal Health*

Laura L. Tosi, MD¹; Barbara D. Boyan, PhD²; Adele L. Boskey, PhD³

¹ Division of Orthopaedics, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue N.W., Washington, DC 20010
² Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Road N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332-0363
³ Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021. E-mail address: boskeya@hss.edu

The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2005; 87:1631-1647 doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.00218

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Disease prevalence rates differ for men and women; this comes as news neither to physicians nor to laypersons. Likewise, women's life expectancies differ from those of men. Among some populations, this difference is dramatic. For example, the National Center for Health Statistics reports that, in 2001, the life expectancy of a black American woman was 75.5 years and that of a black American man was just 68.6 years1. Worldwide, women live, on the average, between four and ten years longer than men do.

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Topics

multiple endocrine neoplasia ; musculoskeletal diseases ; sex characteristics ; gender ; women ; pain ; cancer ; estrogen ; tendon ; wounds and injuries

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These activities have been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint sponsorship of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

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