Background: Reconstruction of a dysplastic acetabulum in a patient
with osteoarthritis of the hip may be accomplished with a variety of surgical
techniques. The aim of our study was to assess the outcomes of total hip
replacement with the uncemented CLS expansion shell and a structural femoral
head autograft to augment the deficient acetabulum in patients with
osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip disease.
Methods: Between 1990 and 1994, we used a CLS expansion shell with a
structural femoral head autograft in forty-three consecutive patients
(forty-three hips) with osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip disease.
The ratio of male to female patients was 5:38, and the mean age of the
patients was forty-eight years. According to the preoperative radiographic
assessment, the dysplasia was categorized as Crowe type I in six patients,
Crowe type II in thirty-one patients, and Crowe type III and type IV in three
patients each. No patient was lost to follow-up. The mean duration of
follow-up was 120 months. Plain radiographs were made immediately after
surgery and at the latest follow-up evaluation. Clinical outcomes were
determined with use of the Harris hip score and the Merle d'Aubigné and
Postel score, and a radiographic analysis was performed.
Results: Postoperatively, the mean Harris hip score had improved 58
points for patients with Crowe type-I and II dysplasia, 47 points for patients
with Crowe type-III dysplasia, and 46 points for patients with Crowe type-IV
dysplasia (p < 0.05 for all). At the latest follow-up examination, the mean
Harris hip score for all patients was 92.6 points. The mean Merle
d'Aubigné and Postel score was 8.3 points preoperatively and 15.8
points at the time of the latest follow-up. The mean coverage of the shell by
the graft immediately after surgery was 32.2%. Osteointegration of the CLS
expansion shell was evident radiographically in all forty-three hips at the
latest follow-up evaluation. There were no failures of the bone grafts.
Clinical survival of the CLS expansion shell with a structural femoral head
autograft was 100% at a mean of ten years after surgery. The rate of survival
of the shell, with radiographic signs of loosening as the end point, was 88.2%
at ten years.
Conclusions: The CLS uncemented expansion shell, when used with a
structural femoral head autograft, provides a reliable reconstruction,
augments deficient acetabular bone stock, and allows placement of the socket
at or close to the anatomic center of hip rotation in patients undergoing
total hip arthroplasty to treat the sequelae of congenital hip disease.
Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions
to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.