Background: Adductor dysfunction is a condition that can cause groin
pain in competitive athletes, but the source of the pain has not been
established and no specific interventions have been evaluated. We previously
defined a magnetic resonance imaging protocol to visualize adductor
enthesopathy. The aim of this study was to elucidate, in the context of
adductor-related groin pain in the competitive athlete, the role of the
adductor enthesis (origin), the relevance of adductor enthesopathy diagnosed
with magnetic resonance imaging, and the efficacy of entheseal pubic cleft
injections of local anesthetic and steroids.
Methods: We reviewed the findings in a consecutive series of
twenty-four competitive athletes who had presented to our sports medicine
clinic with groin pain secondary to adductor longus dysfunction. Magnetic
resonance imaging was performed to assess the adductor longus origin for the
presence or absence of enthesopathy. Seven patients (Group 1) had no evidence
of enthesopathy on magnetic resonance imaging, and seventeen patients (Group
2) had enthesopathy confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging. All patients were
treated with a single pubic cleft injection of local anesthetic and steroid
into the adductor enthesis. At one year after this treatment, the patients
were assessed for recurrence of symptoms.
Results: On clinical reassessment five minutes after the injection,
all twenty-four athletes reported resolution of the groin pain. At one year,
none of the seven patients in Group 1 had experienced a recurrence. Sixteen of
the seventeen patients in Group 2 had a recurrence of the symptoms (p <
0.001) at a mean of five weeks (range, one to sixteen weeks) after the
injection.
Conclusions: A single entheseal pubic cleft injection can be
expected to afford at least one year of relief of adductor-related groin pain
in a competitive athlete with normal findings on a magnetic resonance imaging
scan; however, it should be employed only as a diagnostic test or short-term
treatment for a competitive athlete with evidence of enthesopathy on magnetic
resonance imaging.
Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions
to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.