JBJS | Molecular Regulation of Limb Growth

The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, Volume 91, Issue Supplement 4

Unregulated Growth | July 01, 2009

Molecular Regulation of Limb Growth

Karen Lyons, PhD¹; Marybeth Ezaki, MD²

¹ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095. E-mail address: klyons@mednet.ucla.edu
² Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, TX 75219. E-mail address: Marybeth.Ezaki@tsrh.org

The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2009; 91:47-52 doi:10.2106/JBJS.I.00240

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The ingenious work of Riddle et al.¹, Tickle², and others in manipulating limbs in chick embryos provided the basic understanding of limb development. It was such work that defined the terms as well as the role of the apical ectodermal ridge, the progress zone, and the zone of polarizing activity in patterning early limb development. Embryology has moved beyond the primitive understanding of which structures form when, into the molecular realm of developmental biology and genetics. As the signaling pathways for limb differentiation become well understood at a molecular level, morphological anomalies in limbs are seen as patterning errors and offer clues to the role of both genetic and epigenetic effects.

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These activities have been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint sponsorship of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

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